{"id":15212,"date":"2016-12-07T17:05:51","date_gmt":"2016-12-07T16:05:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/3-1-princip-letu\/"},"modified":"2016-12-07T17:05:51","modified_gmt":"2016-12-07T16:05:51","slug":"3-1-princip-letu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/en\/3-1-princip-letu\/","title":{"rendered":"3.1. Princip letu"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”14642″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_rounded”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1481123032091{padding-top: 20px !important;}”][vc_column_text]\n

Bernoulliho rovnice<\/strong><\/p>\n

V m\u00edst\u011b s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pr\u016f\u0159ezem m\u00e1 proud\u00edc\u00ed kapalina v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tlak, ale men\u0161\u00ed rychlost. Zat\u00edmco v m\u00edst\u011b s men\u0161\u00edm pr\u016f\u0159ezem m\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed tlak, ale v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rychlost.<\/p>\n

Tuto rovnici m\u016f\u017eeme aplikovat tak\u00e9 na proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu kolem leteck\u00e9ho profilu.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1481132072402{padding-top: 40px !important;}”][vc_separator el_width=”80″ el_class=”basic-separator” css=”.vc_custom_1481123970806{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”14654″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_rounded”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1481123032091{padding-top: 20px !important;}”][vc_column_text]\n

Vznik vztlaku<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rychlost proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu kolem vrchl\u00edku p\u0159i startu i vlastn\u00edm letu m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na vznik dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho vztlaku pro start a let.<\/p>\n

Celkov\u00fd tlak p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na leteck\u00fd profil je d\u00e1n vztahem:<\/p>\n

Pc (celkov\u00fd tlak) = Ps (statick\u00fd tlak) + Pd (dynamick\u00fd tlak)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pc je konstantou a proto, pokud se t\u011bleso v\u016f\u010di okoln\u00edmu vzduchu nepohybuje, je statick\u00fd tlak maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed a dynamick\u00fd tlak nulov\u00fd. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pohybu pak v m\u00edst\u011b zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch proudnic (\u010derven\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry)\u00a0stoup\u00e1 dynamick\u00fd tlak a statick\u00fd o tut\u00e9\u017e hodnotu kles\u00e1. S rostouc\u00ed rychlost\u00ed roste i dynamick\u00fd tlak.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i obt\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed profilu vzduchem tedy vznik\u00e1 situace, kdy v jeho p\u0159edn\u00ed-horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti je podtlak a ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti je p\u0159etlak. K\u0159\u00eddlo je tady za letu doslova nas\u00e1v\u00e1no a proto je schopno dos\u00e1hnout klouzav\u00e9ho letu.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1481132079588{padding-top: 40px !important;}”][vc_separator el_width=”80″ el_class=”basic-separator” css=”.vc_custom_1481123970806{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”14662″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_rounded”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1481123032091{padding-top: 20px !important;}”][vc_column_text]\n

Mezn\u00ed vrstva<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je pot\u0159eba hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku uv\u00e9st, \u017ea vztlak vznik\u00e1 na tzv. mezn\u00ed vrstv\u011b. O povrchu je rychlost obt\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed vzduchem nulov\u00e1 a d\u00e1le od povrchu se rychlost obt\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

Mezn\u00ed vrstva na k\u0159\u00eddle je pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b lamin\u00e1rn\u00ed i turbulentn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Lamin\u00e1rn\u00ed vrstva je ten\u010d\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b tedy p\u0159id\u00e1 tvarov\u00e9ho odporu, ale t\u0159ec\u00ed odpor je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Turbulentn\u00ed mezn\u00ed vrstva je tlust\u0161\u00ed, ale sni\u017euje t\u0159ec\u00ed odpor.<\/p>\n

Rychlostn\u00ed letouny jsou velmi hladk\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 maj\u00ed mnohem ten\u010d\u00ed mezn\u00ed vrstvu. Tvar profilu je pod\u0159\u00edzen rozsahu rychlost\u00ed a materi\u00e1lu, ze kter\u00e9ho je k\u0159\u00eddlo vyrobeno, proto\u017ee mezn\u00ed vrstva z\u00e1sadn\u011b ur\u010duje, kdy a jak bude profil vytv\u00e1\u0159et vztlak.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1481132017154{padding-top: 40px !important;}”][vc_separator el_width=”80″ el_class=”basic-separator” css=”.vc_custom_1481123970806{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”14643″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_rounded”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1481123032091{padding-top: 20px !important;}”][vc_column_text]\n

Vztlak se generuje na mezn\u00ed vrstv\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pokud vrchl\u00edk obt\u00e9k\u00e1 turbulentn\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed nebo pilot nap\u0159. sv\u00fdm b\u011bhem s v\u00fdskoky \u010di pohyby rukou zp\u016fsobuje vibrace vrchl\u00edku, mezn\u00ed vrstva se zv\u011bt\u0161uje a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd vztlak sni\u017euje.<\/p>\n

Pro klidn\u00fd start a let se tedy sna\u017e\u00edme udr\u017eet vrchl\u00edk v klidu a nezat\u011b\u017eovat ho zbyte\u010dn\u011b razantn\u00edmi z\u00e1sahy do \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a ru\u0161iv\u00fdmi pohyby.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1481132086712{padding-top: 40px !important;}”][vc_separator el_width=”80″ el_class=”basic-separator” css=”.vc_custom_1481123970806{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”14633″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_rounded”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1481123032091{padding-top: 20px !important;}”][vc_column_text]\n

Rozlo\u017een\u00ed vztlaku na vrchl\u00edku<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vztlak vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku rozd\u00edln\u00e9 rychlosti proudu nad a pod profilem a p\u016fsob\u00ed kolmo na sm\u011br proudu vzduchu nab\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho na profil.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”14642″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” style=”vc_box_rounded”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1481123032091{padding-top: 20px !important;}”][vc_column_text] Bernoulliho rovnice V m\u00edst\u011b s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm pr\u016f\u0159ezem m\u00e1 proud\u00edc\u00ed kapalina v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tlak, ale men\u0161\u00ed rychlost. Zat\u00edmco v m\u00edst\u011b s men\u0161\u00edm pr\u016f\u0159ezem m\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed tlak, ale v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rychlost. Tuto rovnici m\u016f\u017eeme aplikovat tak\u00e9 na proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu kolem leteck\u00e9ho profilu. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1481132072402{padding-top: 40px !important;}”][vc_separator el_width=”80″ el_class=”basic-separator” css=”.vc_custom_1481123970806{padding-top: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n3.1. Princip letu — El Speedo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El Speedo je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed paraglidingov\u00e1 komunita a \u0161kola v \u010cR. 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