{"id":57216,"date":"2017-06-21T10:26:41","date_gmt":"2017-06-21T09:26:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/?page_id=57216\/"},"modified":"2017-06-21T10:26:41","modified_gmt":"2017-06-21T09:26:41","slug":"nebezpecne-jevy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/e-learning\/nebezpecne-jevy\/","title":{"rendered":"Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text disable_pattern=”false”]\n

O meteorologii<\/h1>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text disable_pattern=”false”]Po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed k d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm slo\u017ek\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Po\u010das\u00ed (okam\u017eit\u00fd stav atmosf\u00e9ry v ur\u010dit\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b a \u010dase) je ze v\u0161ech jeho slo\u017eek nejprom\u011bnliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, podneb\u00ed (dlouholet\u00fd re\u017eim po\u010das\u00ed na ur\u010dit\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b) je ze v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch slo\u017eek nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka neust\u00e1le obklopuj\u00ed. V r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e p\u016fsobily a p\u016fsob\u00ed na lidskou \u010dinnost i hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pom\u011bry st\u00e1t\u016f a oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco podneb\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje vyu\u017eitelnost krajiny, druh hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed a zp\u016fsob \u017eivota lid\u00ed, po\u010das\u00ed vstupuje ka\u017edodenn\u011b do jejich rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, pocit\u016f, usm\u011br\u0148uje jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed, podporuje jejich \u00fasil\u00ed, nebo hat\u00ed jejich pl\u00e1ny, proto\u017ee do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry spolurozhoduje o v\u00fdsledc\u00edch v\u00fdroby, funk\u010dnosti dopravy i o vyu\u017eit\u00ed voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu. Prav\u011bk\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk pochopiteln\u011b neum\u011bl vysv\u011btlit meteorologick\u00e9 jevy a vid\u011bl v nich bo\u017e\u00ed v\u016fli. \u0160patn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed obvykle znamenalo hn\u011bv boh\u016f a \u00faklady zl\u00fdch duch\u016f, naopak p\u011bkn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za souhlas boh\u016f s chov\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vislost zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed na pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, ale tak\u00e9 z\u00e1vislost plavby, suchozemsk\u00e9ho cestov\u00e1n\u00ed a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i veden\u00ed bitev p\u0159im\u011bla lidi ji\u017e v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, k z\u00e1znam\u016fm v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch jev\u016f a zm\u011bn, jako jsou sucha, povodn\u011b, siln\u00e9 bou\u0159e vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pocity strachu z nadp\u0159irozen\u00fdch sil. Postupn\u011b, s rozvojem civilizace, za\u010dalo lidstvo spojovat meteorologick\u00e9 jevy se z\u00e1kony fyziky, Touha poznat a vysv\u011btlit d\u011bje odehr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed vedla k shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed pozorovan\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, k experiment\u016fm, zev\u0161eobec\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f a teori\u00edm, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ily z\u00e1klady exaktn\u00ed v\u011bdy \u2013 meteorologie.<\/p>\n

Meteorologie je v\u011bda o zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, o jej\u00edm slo\u017een\u00ed a stavb\u011b, vlastnostech, d\u011bj\u00edch a jevech v n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tky pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bj\u016f v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e nebyly nijak organizov\u00e1ny a v\u011bt\u0161inou se vztahovaly na stru\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy o pr\u016fb\u011bhu po\u010das\u00ed dan\u00e9ho m\u00edsta jen za \u017eivota pozorovatele.<\/p>\n

Aby d\u011bje a jevy prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat a toto sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed bylo pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 a reprezentativn\u00ed, byly za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem z\u0159izov\u00e1ny meteorologick\u00e9 stanice. Meteorologick\u00e1 stanice je m\u00edsto, kde se podle dohodnut\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch, nebo vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch postup\u016f konaj\u00ed meteorologick\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fadaje o jednom, nebo n\u011bkolika meteorologick\u00fdch prvc\u00edch a o atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch jevech.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1481543630042{padding-top: 40px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}”][vc_column][vc_separator el_width=”80″ el_class=”basic-separator”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text disable_pattern=”false”]\n

Bou\u0159ky a jejich nebezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/b><\/h1>\n

Bou\u0159kov\u00fd mrak se jmenuje CUMULONIMBUS (Cb). Vertik\u00e1ln\u011b je velmi mohutn\u00fd, z\u00e1kladna le\u017e\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzko nad zem\u00ed (\u0159\u00e1dov\u011b stovky metr\u016f), zat\u00edmco vrcholy dosahuj\u00ed nez\u0159\u00eddka v\u00fd\u0161ky p\u0159es 10 km. Jejich vrcholy mohou b\u00fdt \u201eozdobeny\u201c kovadlinou (incus), jindy mohou b\u00fdt kulat\u00e9 \u010di ploch\u00e9 (calvus, capillatus). Pod cumulonimbem mohou stoupav\u00e9 a klesav\u00e9 proudy dosahovat rychlosti a\u017e 20 m\/s, v n\u011bm pak i mnohem v\u00edce (ud\u00e1v\u00e1 se a\u017e 50 m\/s). Mezi stoupav\u00fdmi a klesav\u00fdmi proudy se pak nal\u00e9z\u00e1 oblast velmi siln\u00fdch turbulenc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou schopn\u00e9 rozl\u00e1mat i dopravn\u00ed letadlo. Proto letadla maj\u00ed na palub\u011b meteorologick\u00e9 radary a j\u00e1dr\u016fm bou\u0159ek se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed \u2013 a my bychom si z nich m\u011bli vz\u00edt p\u0159\u00edklad. P\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b a kroupy, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed r\u00e1di zem\u011bd\u011blci nejsou t\u00edm, co n\u00e1s zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1. Od bou\u0159ek je pro n\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 dr\u017eet se d\u00e1le. Pokud n\u00e1s toti\u017e bou\u0159ka nasaje, tak i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee n\u00e1s netref\u00ed blesk, budeme velmi rychle vyta\u017eeni do v\u00fd\u0161ky okolo deseti kilometr\u016f, kde si m\u016f\u017eeme pouze vybrat zda bude p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zmrznout nebo se udusit. Na\u0161ich ostatk\u016f se pak ujmou turbulence, kter\u00e9 je \u00fahledn\u011b zabal\u00ed do vrchl\u00edku jako bonb\u00f3nek, aby je pak v kles\u00e1c\u00edch vyexpedovaly zp\u011bt na zem jako mra\u017eenou rybu..<\/p>\n

Bou\u0159ky jsou v\u0161ak nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ji\u017e v okol\u00ed n\u011bkolika kilometr\u016f od nich sam\u00fdch. Studen\u00fd vzduch, padaj\u00edc\u00ed v mocn\u00fdch klesav\u00fdch proudech se rozl\u00e9v\u00e1 po zemsk\u00e9m povrchu a zp\u016fsobuje siln\u00fd, n\u00e1razov\u00fd v\u00edtr, zvan\u00fd h\u00falava. Tento v\u00edtr sou\u010dasn\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odtrh\u00e1vat od zem\u011b tepl\u00fd vzduch v okol\u00ed bou\u0159ky a tak vznik\u00e1 \u0161irok\u00e1 oblast stoupav\u00fdch proud\u016f, kter\u00e9 komplikuj\u00ed mo\u017enost bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho a v\u010dasn\u00e9ho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. Vykles\u00e1n\u00ed by pak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b prob\u011bhlo a\u017e do onoho p\u00e1sma n\u00e1razov\u00e9ho v\u011btru, a v n\u011bm je \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u0159ka nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text disable_pattern=”false”] O meteorologii [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text disable_pattern=”false”]Po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed k d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm slo\u017ek\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Po\u010das\u00ed (okam\u017eit\u00fd stav atmosf\u00e9ry v ur\u010dit\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b a \u010dase) je ze v\u0161ech jeho slo\u017eek nejprom\u011bnliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, podneb\u00ed (dlouholet\u00fd re\u017eim po\u010das\u00ed na ur\u010dit\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b) je ze v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch slo\u017eek nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Po\u010das\u00ed a podneb\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka neust\u00e1le obklopuj\u00ed. V r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e p\u016fsobily a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":57194,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-57216","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nNebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy — El Speedo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El Speedo je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed paraglidingov\u00e1 komunita a \u0161kola v \u010cR. Tandemov\u00e9 seskoky, kurzy, expedice a paragliding v\u00fdbava\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy — El Speedo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El Speedo je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed paraglidingov\u00e1 komunita a \u0161kola v \u010cR. Tandemov\u00e9 seskoky, kurzy, expedice a paragliding v\u00fdbava\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"El Speedo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/paragliding.elspeedo.cz\/?fref=ts\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/\",\"name\":\"Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy — El Speedo\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2017-06-21T09:26:41+00:00\",\"description\":\"El Speedo je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed paraglidingov\u00e1 komunita a \u0161kola v \u010cR. Tandemov\u00e9 seskoky, kurzy, expedice a paragliding v\u00fdbava\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Dom\u016f\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"E-learning\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/\",\"name\":\"El Speedo\",\"description\":\"Paragliding - kurzy, vybaven\u00ed, v\u00fdlety, komunita\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pl-PL\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy — El Speedo","description":"El Speedo je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed paraglidingov\u00e1 komunita a \u0161kola v \u010cR. Tandemov\u00e9 seskoky, kurzy, expedice a paragliding v\u00fdbava","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy — El Speedo","og_description":"El Speedo je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed paraglidingov\u00e1 komunita a \u0161kola v \u010cR. Tandemov\u00e9 seskoky, kurzy, expedice a paragliding v\u00fdbava","og_url":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/","og_site_name":"El Speedo","article_publisher":"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/paragliding.elspeedo.cz\/?fref=ts","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Szacowany czas czytania":"5 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/","url":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/","name":"Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy — El Speedo","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/#website"},"datePublished":"2017-06-21T09:26:41+00:00","description":"El Speedo je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed paraglidingov\u00e1 komunita a \u0161kola v \u010cR. Tandemov\u00e9 seskoky, kurzy, expedice a paragliding v\u00fdbava","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pl-PL","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/nebezpecne-jevy\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Dom\u016f","item":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"E-learning","item":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/e-vyuka\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 jevy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/#website","url":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/","name":"El Speedo","description":"Paragliding - kurzy, vybaven\u00ed, v\u00fdlety, komunita","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pl-PL"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/57216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57216"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/57216\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/57194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elspeedo.cz\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}